Ho Became President in 1868 and Again in 1872

22nd quadrennial U.S. presidential election

1872 The states presidential ballot

← 1868 November 5, 1872 1876 →
352 members[a] of the Electoral College 177 electoral votes needed to win
Turnout	71.3%[1] 6.viii pp
Nominee Ulysses S. Grant Horace Greeley Political party Republican Liberal Republican Alliance – Autonomous Dwelling house state Illinois New York Running mate Henry Wilson Benjamin Gratz Brown Electoral vote 286 (+14 invalidated)[a] 0 (+3 rejected)[b] States carried 29 (+2 invalidated)[a] 0 (+6 invalidated) Popular vote 3,598,235 2,834,761 Percentage 55.half dozen% 43.eight%
Presidential ballot results map. Crimson denotes states won past Grant/Wilson, blue denotes those won by Greeley, yellow denotes those won past Hendricks, and the various shades of green denote those won by Brown, Jenkins and Davis; this reflects the posthumous handful of Greeley's electoral votes. Numbers indicate the number of balloter votes allotted to each land.
President before ballot Ulysses S. Grant Republican Elected President Ulysses S. Grant Republican

The 1872 Us presidential election was the 22nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, Nov five, 1872. Despite a split in the Republican Party, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant defeated Democratic-endorsed Liberal Republican nominee Horace Greeley.

Grant was unanimously re-nominated at the 1872 Republican National Convention, but his intra-political party opponents organized the Liberal Republican Party and held their ain convention. The 1872 Liberal Republican convention nominated Greeley, a New York newspaper publisher, and wrote a platform calling for ceremonious service reform and an end to Reconstruction. Democratic Party leaders believed that their only hope of defeating Grant was to unite around Greeley, and the 1872 Democratic National Convention nominated the Liberal Republican ticket.

Despite the union between the Liberal Republicans and Democrats, Greeley proved to be an ineffective campaigner and Grant remained widely popular. Grant decisively won re-ballot, carrying 31 of the 37 states, including several Southern states that would non again vote Republican until the 20th century. Grant would be the concluding incumbent to win a second consecutive term until William McKinley's victory in the 1900 presidential election,^[c] and his popular vote margin of 11.8% was the largest margin betwixt 1856 and 1904.

On Nov 29, 1872, after the pop vote was counted, just before the Electoral College cast its votes, Greeley died. Equally a result, electors previously committed to Greeley voted for four candidates for president and eight candidates for vice president. It was the last instance until the 1960 presidential election in which more than i presidential elector voted for a candidate to whom they were not pledged.

The Election of 1872 also remains the simply instance in U.South. history in which a major presidential candidate died during the ballot process.

Nominations [edit]

Republican Party nomination [edit]

1872 Republican Political party ticket
Ulysses S. Grant	Henry Wilson
for President	for Vice President
18th President of the U.s.a. (1869–1877)	U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1855–1873)

At the convention the Republicans nominated President Ulysses S. Grant for re-ballot, just nominated Senator Henry Wilson from Massachusetts for vice president instead of the incumbent Schuyler Colfax, although both were implicated in the Credit Mobilier scandal which erupted two months after the Republican convention. Others, who had grown weary of the corruption of the Grant administration, bolted to course the Liberal Republican Political party.

The opposition fusion nominations [edit]

In the promise of defeating Grant, the Democratic Party endorsed the nominees of the Liberal Republican Party.

Liberal Republican Party nomination [edit]

An influential grouping of dissident Republicans divide from the party to grade the Liberal Republican Party in 1870. At the party's only national convention, held in Cincinnati in 1872, New York Tribune editor and former representative Horace Greeley was nominated for president on the 6th ballot, defeating Charles Francis Adams. Missouri Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown was nominated for vice president on the 2d ballot.

1872 Liberal Republican Party ticket
Horace Greeley	Benjamin 1000. Brown
for President	for Vice President
Former U.Southward. Representative for New York's 6th (1848–1849)	20th Governor of Missouri (1871–1873)
Campaign

Candidates in this section are sorted past their highest vote count on the nominating ballots
Charles Francis Adams Sr.	Lyman Trumbull	Benjamin Gratz Brown	David Davis	Andrew Gregg Curtin	Salmon P. Chase
Fmr. Envoy to the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland from Massachusetts (1861–1868)	U.S. Senator from Illinois (1855–1873)	20th Governor of Missouri (1871–1873)	Associate Justice from Illinois (1862–1877)	15th Governor of Pennsylvania (1861–1867)	Chief Justice from Ohio (1864–1873)
324 votes	156 votes	95 votes	93 votes	62 votes	32 votes

Democratic Party nomination [edit]

1872 Democratic Party ticket
Horace Greeley	Benjamin Yard. Chocolate-brown
for President	for Vice President
Former U.S. Representative for New York's 6th (1848–1849)	20th Governor of Missouri (1871–1873)

The Convention met in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 9–ten. Because of its stiff desire to defeat Ulysses Due south. Grant, the Democratic Party also nominated the Liberal Republicans' Greeley/Brown ticket^[2] and adopted their platform.^[3] Greeley received 686 of the 732 delegate votes cast, while Brown received 713. Accepting the Liberal platform meant the Democrats had accustomed the New Departure strategy, which rejected the anti-Reconstruction platform of 1868. They realized that to win the election they had to look forward, and not attempt to re-fight the Ceremonious War.^[4] They also realized that they would but split up the anti-Grant vote if they nominated a candidate other than Greeley. However, Greeley's long reputation as the most aggressive antagonist of the Democratic Political party, its principles, its leadership, and its activists, cooled Democrats' enthusiasm for the presidential nominee.

Some Democrats were worried that backing Greeley would effectively bring the party to extinction, much similar how the moribund Whig Party had been doomed by endorsing the Know Nothing candidacy of Millard Fillmore in 1856, though others felt that the Democrats were in a much stronger position on a regional level than the Whigs had been at the fourth dimension of their demise, and predicted (correctly, every bit information technology turned out) that the Liberal Republicans would non be feasible in the long-term due to their lack of distinctive positions compared to the main Republican Party. A sizable minority led by James A. Bayard sought to act independently of the Liberal Republican ticket, just the bulk of the political party agreed to endorse Greeley's candidacy. The convention, which lasted merely six hours stretched over ii days, is the shortest major party convention in history.

The Liberal Republican Party fused with the Democratic Party in all states except for Louisiana and Texas. In states where Republicans were stronger, the Liberal Republicans fielded a majority of the joint slate of candidates for lower offices; while in states where Democrats were stronger, the Democrats fielded the most candidates. In many states, such as Ohio, each party nominated one-half of a articulation slate of candidates. Even initially reluctant Democratic leaders like Thomas F. Bayard came to support Greeley.^[5]

Other nominations [edit]

Presidential Candidates:

Charles O'Conor	David Davis
Lawyer from New York (Declined Nomination)	Associate Justice of the Us Supreme Courtroom from Illinois (Nominee – Withdrew on June 24, 1872)

Labor Reform Party [edit]

The Labor Reform Party had merely been organized in 1870 at the National Labor Union Convention, which organized the Labor Reform Party in apprehension of its participation in the 1872 presidential election.^[half-dozen] In the pb-up to the 1872 presidential ballot, state-level affiliates of the party formed and saw limited success.^[seven] One of its major victories was forming a majority coalition with the Democratic Party in the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1871 in which William Gove, one of its members, was elected Speaker of the House.^[8]

The party's first National Convention meeting was held in Columbus, Ohio, on February 22, 1872.^[9] Initially, there was a fair amount of give-and-take every bit to whether the party should actually nominate anyone for the presidency at that time, or if they should await at least for the Liberal Republicans to nominate their own ticket first. Every motility to that effect lost, and a number of ballots were taken that resulted in the nomination of David Davis for president, who was the frontrunner for the Liberal Republican presidential nomination at that time. Joel Parker, the Governor of New Jersey, was nominated for vice president.

While Davis did not decline the presidential nomination of the Labor Reform party, he decided to swivel his campaign in large part on the success of attaining the Liberal Republican presidential nomination, so that he might at to the lowest degree take their resource backside him. After their convention, in which he failed to attain their presidential nomination, Davis telegraphed the Labor Reform party and informed them of his intention to withdraw from the presidential contest entirely. Joel Parker soon followed suit.

A second convention was chosen on August 22 in Philadelphia, where it was decided, rather than making the same mistake again, that the party would cooperate with the new Straight-Out Democratic Political party that had recently formed. Later the election, the various state affiliates grew less and less active, and by the following year, the political party ceased to exist.^[10] Labor Reform party activity continued to 1878, when the Greenback and Labor Reform parties, with other organizations, formed a National Party.^[11]

Straight-Out Democratic Political party [edit]

Unwilling to back up the Autonomous party ticket (Greeley/Chocolate-brown), a grouping of mostly Southern Democrats held what they called a Straight-Out Democratic Party convention in Louisville, Kentucky, on August 11, 1872. They nominated every bit presidential candidate Charles O'Conor, who declined their nomination by telegram; for vice president they nominated John Quincy Adams 2. Without fourth dimension to choose a substitute, the party ran the two candidates anyhow. They received 0.36% of the popular votes, and no Electoral College votes.

Equal Rights Party [edit]

Victoria Woodhull is recognized as the first woman to run for president. She was nominated for president by the small Equal Rights Party.^[12] Frederick Douglass was nominated for vice president, although he did non nourish the convention, acknowledge his nomination, or take an active role in the campaign.^{[ citation needed ]}

Full general ballot [edit]

Entrada [edit]

Grant's administration and his Radical Republican supporters had been widely accused of corruption, and the Liberal Republicans demanded civil service reform and an end to the Reconstruction procedure, including withdrawal of federal troops from the Due south. Both Liberal Republicans and Democrats were disappointed in their candidate Greeley. Equally wits asked, "Why turn out a knave just to supercede him with a fool?"^[xiii] A poor apostle with little political experience, Greeley's career as a newspaper editor gave his opponents a long history of eccentric public positions to set on. With memories of his victories in the Civil War to run on, Grant was unassailable. Grant too had a large campaign budget to work with. Ane historian was quoted saying, "Never before was a candidate placed nether such great obligation to men of wealth as was Grant." A large portion of Grant'south entrada funds came from entrepreneurs, including Jay Cooke, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Alexander Turney Stewart, Henry Hilton, and John Astor.^[fourteen]

Women'south suffrage [edit]

This was the first ballot after the formation of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. As a issue, protests for women's suffrage became more prevalent. The National Woman's Suffrage Association held its almanac convention in New York City on May nine, 1872. Some of the delegates supported Victoria Woodhull, who had spent the yr since the previous NWSA almanac meeting touring the New York City environs and giving speeches on why women should be allowed to vote. The delegates selected Victoria Woodhull to run for president, and named Frederick Douglass for vice- president. He did not attend the convention and never acknowledged the nomination, though he would serve as a presidential elector in the United States Electoral College for the State of New York. Woodhull gave a series of speeches effectually New York City during the entrada. Her finances were very sparse, and when she borrowed money from supporters, she often was unable to repay them. On the day before the election, Woodhull was arrested for "publishing an obscene newspaper" and so was unable to cast a vote for herself. Woodhull was ineligible to be president on Inauguration Day, not because she was a woman (the Constitution and the police were silent on the issue), but because she would not reach the constitutionally prescribed minimum historic period of 35 until September 23, 1873; historians have debated whether to consider her activities a true ballot campaign. Woodhull and Douglass are not listed in "Ballot results" below, as the ticket received a negligible percent of the popular vote and no electoral votes.^[xv] In improver, several suffragists would effort to vote in the ballot. Susan B. Anthony was arrested when she tried to vote and was fined $100 in a widely publicized trial.

Results [edit]

Results by county explicitly indicating the pct of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of red are for Grant (Republican) and shades of blue are for Greeley (Liberal Republican/Democratic).

Grant won an easy re-ballot over Greeley, with a popular vote margin of 11.8% and 763,000 votes.

Grant also won the electoral college with 286 electoral votes; while Greeley won 66 electoral votes, he died on November 29, 1872, twenty-four days later the election and before whatever of his pledged electors (from Texas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Maryland) could cast their votes. Later on, 63 of Greeley's electors cast their votes for other Democrats: 18 of them bandage their presidential votes for Greeley's running mate, Benjamin Gratz Brown, and 45 cast their presidential votes for three non-candidates.

Of the 2,171 counties making returns, Grant won in ane,335 while Greeley carried 833. Three counties were split evenly between Grant and Greeley.

Disputed votes [edit]

During the joint session of Congress for the counting of the electoral vote on February 12, 1873, v states had objections that were raised regarding their results. However, unlike the objections which would be made in 1877, these did not touch the outcome of the election.^[16]

Country	Voters	Winning candidate	Outcome	Reason for objection	Electors counted
Arkansas	6	Grant	Rejected	Diverse irregularities, including allegations of balloter fraud	No
Louisiana	viii
Georgia	three (of 11)	Greeley	Rejected	Ballots were cast for Horace Greeley equally president after he had died, and was thus ineligible for the office.	Yeah (votes for B. Gratz Brown as vice-president)
Mississippi	8	Grant	Accepted	Irregularities and concerns regarding the eligibility of elector James J. Spelman	Yes
Texas	8	Greeley	Accepted	Irregularities	Yep

^[17]

This ballot was the last in which Arkansas voted for a Republican until 1972, and the terminal in which it voted against the Democrats until 1968. Alabama and Mississippi would not be carried past a Republican once more until 1964, and they would not vote against the Democrats until 1948. Northward Carolina and Virginia would not vote Republican again until 1928. West Virginia, Delaware and New Jersey would not vote Republican again until 1896.

Table of results [edit]

Electoral results

Presidential candidate	Party	Abode country	Popular vote		Balloter vote	Running mate
			Count	Percent		Vice-presidential candidate	Home country	Electoral vote
Ulysses S. Grant (Incumbent)	Republican	Illinois	3,598,235	55.half dozen%	286	Henry Wilson	Massachusetts	286
Thomas Andrews Hendricks	Democratic	Indiana	—(a)	—	42	—(c)		42
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Liberal Republican/ Democratic	Missouri	—(a)	—	18	—(c)		18
Horace Greeley	Liberal Republican/ Democratic	New York	2,834,761	43.8%	3(b)	Benjamin Gratz Chocolate-brown	Missouri	3(b)
Charles Jones Jenkins	Democratic	Georgia	—(a)	—	two	—(c)		2
David Davis	Liberal Republican	Illinois	—(a)	—	1	—(c)		ane
Charles O'Conor	Direct-Out Democrats	New York	18,602	0.3%	0	John Quincy Adams II	Massachusetts	0
James Blackness	Prohibition	Pennsylvania	5,607	0.1%	0	John Russell	Michigan	0
Other			10,473	0.2%	0
Total			vi,467,678	100.0%	352(d)
Needed to win					177(d)

Source (popular vote): Leip, David. "1872 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip'southward Atlas of U.South. Presidential Elections . Retrieved July 27, 2005.

Source (balloter vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Athenaeum and Records Administration. Retrieved July 31, 2005.

^(a) These candidates received votes from Electors who were pledged to Horace Greeley, who died earlier the electoral votes were cast.
^(b) Brown's vice-presidential votes were counted, but the presidential votes for Horace Greeley were rejected since he was ineligible for the office of President due to his death.
^(c) See Breakup by ticket below.
^(d) The 14 electoral votes from Arkansas and Louisiana were rejected. Had they not been rejected, Grant would have received 300 balloter votes out of a total of 366, well in backlog of the 184 required to win.

Vice presidential candidate	Party	State	Electoral vote
Henry Wilson	Republican	Massachusetts	286
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Autonomous/Liberal Republican	Missouri	47
Alfred Holt Colquitt	Democratic	Georgia	5
George Washington Julian	Liberal Republican	Indiana	5
Thomas Elliott Bramlette	Democratic	Kentucky	iii
John McAuley Palmer	Autonomous	Illinois	three
Nathaniel Prentice Banks	Liberal Republican	Massachusetts	ane
William Slocum Groesbeck	Democratic/Liberal Republican	Ohio	1
Willis Benson Machen	Autonomous	Kentucky	1
John Quincy Adams II	Straight-Out Autonomous	Massachusetts	0
John Russell	Prohibition	Michigan	0
Full			352
Needed to win			177

Source: "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Assistants. Retrieved July 31, 2005.

Pop vote
Grant			55.58%
Greeley			43.78%
O'Conor			0.36%
Others			0.27%

Electoral vote
Grant			81.25%
Greeley			18.75%

Geography of results [edit]

• 

  Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percent of the vote

Cartographic gallery [edit]

• 

  Map of presidential election results by canton

• 

  Map of Republican presidential election results by county

• 

  Map of Liberal Republican/Autonomous presidential election results by county

• 

  Map of "other" presidential election results past county

• 

  Cartogram of presidential election results by canton

• 

  Cartogram of Republican presidential election results past canton

• 

  Cartogram of Liberal Republican/Democratic presidential election results by county

• 

  Cartogram of "other" presidential election results past county

Results by land [edit]

Source: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836–1892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247–57.^[18]

		Ulysses S. Grant Republican			Horace Greeley Democratic/Liberal Republican			Charles O'Conor Straight-Out Democrat			Margin		Country Full
State	balloter votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	balloter votes	#	%	#
Alabama	x	xc,272	53.xix	10	79,444	46.81	-	-	-	-	10,828	6.38	169,716	AL
Arkansas	half dozen	41,373	52.17	0	37,927	47.83	-	-	-	-	three,446	4.35	79,300	AR
California	6	54,007	56.38	6	40,717	42.51	-	one,061	i.11	-	13,290	xiii.87	95,785	CA
Connecticut	6	50,314	52.41	6	45,695	47.59	-	-	-	-	iv,619	4.81	96,009	CT
Delaware	three	eleven,129	51.00	iii	10,205	46.76	-	488	ii.24	-	924	iv.23	21,822	DE
Florida	iv	17,763	53.52	4	xv,427	46.48	-	-	-	-	2,336	seven.04	33,190	FL
Georgia	xi	62,550	45.03	-	76,356	54.97	11	-	-	-	-thirteen,806	-ix.94	138,906	GA
Illinois	21	241,936	56.27	21	184,884	43.00	-	three,151	0.73	-	57,052	thirteen.27	429,971	IL
Indiana	15	186,147	53.00	15	163,632	46.59	-	one,417	0.forty	-	22,515	6.41	351,196	IN
Iowa	eleven	131,566	sixty.81	11	81,636	37.73	-	2,221	1.03	-	49,930	23.08	216,365	IA
Kansas	v	66,805	66.46	five	32,970	32.80	-	156	0.16	-	33,835	33.66	100,512	KS
Kentucky	12	88,766	46.44	-	99,995	52.32	12	2,374	ane.24	-	-11,229	-5.87	191,135	KY
Louisiana	8	71,663	55.69	0	57,029	44.31	-	-	-	-	xiv,634	11.37	128,692	LA
Maine	7	61,426	67.86	7	29,097	32.14	-	-	-	-	32,329	35.71	ninety,523	ME
Maryland	eight	66,760	49.66	-	67,687	fifty.34	8	-	-	-	-927	-0.69	134,447	Medico
Massachusetts	13	133,455	69.xx	xiii	59,195	30.69	-	-	-	-	74,260	38.50	192,864	MA
Michigan	11	138,758	62.66	11	78,551	35.47	-	2,875	ane.thirty	-	60,207	27.19	221,455	MI
Minnesota	5	55,708	61.27	5	35,211	38.73	-	-	-	-	twenty,497	22.54	90,919	MN
Mississippi	eight	82,175	63.48	8	47,282	36.52	-	-	-	-	34,893	26.95	129,457	MS
Missouri	xv	119,196	43.65	-	151,434	55.46	15	two,429	0.89	-	-32,238	-11.81	273,059	MO
Nebraska	three	18,329	seventy.68	3	7,603	29.32	-	-	-	-	ten,726	41.36	25,932	NE
Nevada	3	eight,413	57.43	three	6,236	42.57	-	-	-	-	2,177	fourteen.86	14,649	NV
New Hampshire	5	37,168	53.94	v	31,425	45.61	-	-	-	-	five,743	8.33	68,906	NH
New Jersey	ix	91,656	54.52	nine	76,456	45.48	-	-	-	-	xv,200	9.04	168,112	NJ
New York	35	440,738	53.23	35	387,282	46.77	-	-	-	-	53,456	6.46	828,020	NY
North Carolina	10	94,772	57.38	10	70,130	42.46	-	261	0.16	-	24,642	14.92	165,163	NC
Ohio	22	281,852	53.24	22	244,321	46.15	-	1,163	0.22	-	37,531	7.09	529,436	OH
Oregon	3	11,818	58.66	3	7,742	38.43	-	587	2.91	-	4,076	twenty.23	twenty,147	OR
Pennsylvania	29	349,589	62.07	29	212,041	37.65	-	-	-	-	137,548	24.42	563,262	PA
Rhode Island	four	13,665	71.94	4	5,329	28.06	-	-	-	-	8,336	43.89	18,994	RI
South Carolina	seven	72,290	75.73	7	22,699	23.78	-	204	0.21	-	49,591	51.95	95,452	SC
Tennessee	12	85,655	47.84	-	93,391	52.16	12	-	-	-	-7,736	-four.32	179,046	TN
Texas	viii	47,468	40.71	-	66,546	57.07	8	ii,580	2.21	-	-19,078	-16.36	116,594	TX
Vermont	5	41,480	78.29	5	10,926	xx.62	-	553	1.04	-	30,554	57.67	52,980	VT
Virginia	11	93,463	50.47	11	91,647	49.49	-	85	0.05	-	1,816	0.98	185,195	VA
West Virginia	5	32,320	51.74	5	29,532	47.28	-	615	0.98	-	2,788	4.46	62,467	WV
Wisconsin	10	104,994	54.60	x	86,477	44.97	-	834	0.43	-	eighteen,517	9.16	192,305	WI
TOTALS:	366	3,597,439	55.58	286	2,833,710	43.78	66	23,054	0.36	-	763,729	eleven.80	6,471,983	U.s.

Close states [edit]

Red font color denotes states won by Republican Ulysses S. Grant; pink denotes those won past Democrat/Liberal Republican Horace Greeley.

States where the margin of victory was nether 1% (19 electoral votes)

1. Maryland 0.69% (927 votes)
2. Virginia 0.98% (1,816 votes)

Margin of victory betwixt 1% and 5% (32 balloter votes)

1. Delaware iv.23% (924 votes)
2. Tennessee iv.32% (7,736 votes)
3. Arkansas iv.35% (3,446 votes)
4. West Virginia iv.46% (2,788 votes)
5. Connecticut 4.81% (4,619 votes)

Margin of victory between 5% and 10% (133 electoral votes):

1. Kentucky 5.87% (11,229 votes)
2. Alabama 6.38% (10,828 votes)
3. Indiana 6.41% (22,515 votes)
4. New York 6.46% (53,456 votes)
5. Florida 7.04% (2,336 votes)
6. Ohio 7.09% (37,531 votes) (tipping signal land with rejection of electors in Arkansas and Louisiana)
7. New Hampshire 8.33% (5,743 votes) (tipping point state if electors of Arkansas and Louisiana were not rejected)
8. New Jersey 9.04% (15,200 votes)
9. Wisconsin 9.xvi% (18,517 votes)
10. Georgia nine.94% (xiii,806 votes)

Breakdown past ticket [edit]

Presidential candidate	Running mate	Balloter vote(a)
Ulysses S. Grant	Henry Wilson	286
Thomas Andrews Hendricks	Benjamin Gratz Brown	41 .. 42
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Alfred Holt Colquitt	5
Benjamin Gratz Brownish	George Washington Julian	4 .. five
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Thomas Eastward. Bramlette	three
Horace Greeley	Benjamin Gratz Brown	3 (b)
Benjamin Gratz Brown	John McAuley Palmer	2 .. three
Charles J. Jenkins	Benjamin Gratz Brown	2
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Nathaniel Prentiss Banks	1
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Willis Benson Machen	1
Benjamin Gratz Brownish	William Slocum Groesbeck	0 .. i
David Davis	Benjamin Gratz Dark-brown	0 .. ane
David Davis	William Slocum Groesbeck	0 .. 1
David Davis	George Washington Julian	0 .. one
David Davis	John McAuley Palmer	0 .. 1
Thomas Andrews Hendricks	William Slocum Groesbeck	0 .. 1
Thomas Andrews Hendricks	George Washington Julian	0 .. ane
Thomas Andrews Hendricks	John McAuley Palmer	0 .. i

^(a) The used sources had insufficient data to decide the pairings of four electoral votes in Missouri; therefore, the possible tickets are listed with the minimum and maximum possible number of electoral votes each.
^(b) Brown's vice-presidential votes were counted, but the presidential votes for Horace Greeley were rejected since he was ineligible for the office of President due to his death.

Demise of the Liberal Republicans [edit]

Though the national party system disappeared afterward 1872, several Liberal Republican members continued to serve in Congress after the 1872 elections. Most Liberal Republican Congressmen eventually joined the Democratic Party. Outside of the South, some Liberal Republicans sought the creation of a new party opposed to Republicans, simply Democrats were unwilling to abandon their old political party amalgamation and even relatively successful efforts like Wisconsin's Reform Party collapsed. Even the strong Missouri Liberal Republican Party collapsed every bit the Democrats re-established themselves as the major opposition party to the Republicans. In the following years, onetime Liberal Republicans became members in good standing of both major parties.^[nineteen]

See too [edit]

• 1872 and 1873 U.s.a. Senate elections
• 1872 Us Firm of Representatives elections
• American ballot campaigns in the 19th century
• History of the United states of america (1865–1918)
• Presidency of Ulysses South. Grant
• Reconstruction era
• 2nd inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant
• Third Party System

Notes [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c} Elections were held in Arkansas and Louisiana; notwithstanding, due to diverse irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud, all electoral votes from those states (6 and 8, respectively) were invalidated.
2. ^ Greeley died after the election, but prior to the Balloter College meeting, and was thus ineligible for the part of President. Greeley had won 66 pledged electors, of which 63 cast their votes for other Democrats. 3 Georgian electors voted for Greeley; however, their votes were rejected.
3. ^ Grover Cleveland was elected to a second non-consecutive term in 1892, after losing his re-election campaign in 1888.

References [edit]

1. ^ "Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections". The American Presidency Project. UC Santa Barbara.
2. ^ Official Proceedings of the National Democratic Convention, Held at Baltimore, July 9, 1872. Boston: Rockwell & Churchill, Printers. 1872.
3. ^ Paul F. Boller, Jr. (2004). Presidential Campaigns: from George Washington to George West. Bush. Oxford University Printing. pp. 128–129. ISBN0-19-516716-iii.
4. ^ Dunning 1905, p. 198
5. ^ Ross 1910
6. ^ Adelman, Myra Burt (2000). "Labor Reform Party: 1872". In Ness, Immanuel; Ciment, James (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Third Parties in America. Vol. 2. Armonk, Due north.Y: Sharpe Reference. pp. 321–22. ISBN0-7656-8020-3.
7. ^ Renda, Lex (1997). Running on the Tape: Ceremonious War-Era Politics in New Hampshire. Charlottesville, 5.A.: University Press of Virginia. p. 173. ISBN0-8139-1722-0.
8. ^ Yeargain, Tyler (2021). "New England State Senates: Instance Studies for Revisiting the Indirect Election of Legislators". Academy of New Hampshire Police Review. xix (2): 381. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
9. ^ Richardson, Heather Cox (2007). West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America after the Civil War. Yale Academy Press. p. 128. ISBN9780300137859.
10. ^ Bewig, Matthew Southward. R. (2010). "Third Parties Later on the Civil War". In Robertson, Andrew (ed.). Encyclopedia of U.Southward. Political History. Vol. 3. Sage. pp. 360–361. ISBN9780872893207.
11. ^ Haynes, Frederick Emory (1916). Tertiary Party Movements Since the Civil War, with Special Reference to Iowa. Land Historical Order of Iowa. p. 122. Retrieved January 27, 2018. labor reform.
12. ^ "Women Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates: A Selected List". Middle for American Women in Politics. Rutgers University Ealgeton Institute. June 30, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
13. ^ Dunning 197
14. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections . Vol. 1 (Fifth ed.). CQ Press. Nov 17, 2005. ISBN1-56802-981-0.
15. ^ "Our Campaigns – Candidate – Victoria C. Woodhull".
16. ^ United States Congress (1873). Senate Periodical. 42nd Congress, 3rd Session, February 12. pp. 334–346. Retrieved March 23, 2006.
17. ^ David A. McKnight (1878). The Electoral System of the United States: A Disquisitional and Historical Exposition of Its Central Principles in the Constitution and the Acts and Proceedings of Congress Enforcing It. Wm. Southward. Hein Publishing. p. 313. ISBN978-0-8377-2446-one.
18. ^ "1872 Presidential Full general Election Data – National". Retrieved May 7, 2013.
19. ^ Ross, pp. 192-239

Farther reading [edit]

• Donald, David Herbert. Charles Sumner and the Rights of Human (1970).
• Downey, Matthew T. "Horace Greeley and the Politicians: The Liberal Republican Convention in 1872," The Periodical of American History, Vol. 53, No. 4. (Mar. 1967), pp. 727–750. in JSTOR
• Dunning, William Archibald (1905). Reconstruction: Political & Economic, 1865–1877. ch. 12. online edition
• Lunde, Erik S. "The Ambiguity of the National Thought: the Presidential Entrada of 1872" Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism 1978 5(one): 1-23. ISSN 0317-7904.
• McPherson, James M. "Grant or Greeley? The Abolitionist Dilemma in the Election of 1872" American Historical Review 1965 71(1): 43–61. in JSTOR
• Prymak, Andrew. "The 1868 and 1872 Elections," in Edward O. Frantz, ed. A Companion to the Reconstruction Presidents 1865–1881 (Wiley Blackwell Companions to American History) (2014) pp. 235–56 online
• Republican Entrada Clubs, Horace Greeley Unmasked. New York: Republican Entrada Clubs, 1872. —Campaign pamphlet.
• Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896. Volume: vii ch 39–forty. (1920)
• Ross, Earle Dudley (1910). The Liberal Republican Motion. H. Holt. pp. 202–.
• Slap, Andrew 50. The Doom of Reconstruction: The Liberal Republicans in the Civil War Era (2006) online edition
• Strauss, Dafnah. "Ideological closure in newspaper political language during the US 1872 election campaign." Periodical of Historical Pragmatics 15.2 (2014): 255–291. DOI: 10.1075/jhp.xv.2.06str online
• Summers, Marker Wahlgren. The Press Gang: Newspapers and Politics, 1865–1878 (1994) ch fifteen
• Summers, Marking Wahlgren. The Era of Skilful Stealings (1993), covers corruption 1868–1877
• Van Deusen, Glyndon G. Horace Greeley, Nineteenth-Century Crusader (1953) online edition

Chief sources [edit]

• American Annual Concordance...for 1872 (1873), comprehensive collection of facts online edition
• Blaine, James G. (1885). Twenty Years of Congress. vol. 2. pp. 520–31. online edition
• Chester, Edward W A guide to political platforms (1977) online
• Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. National party platforms, 1840-1964 (1965) online 1840-1956

External links [edit]

• Presidential Ballot of 1872: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
• 1872 pop vote by counties
• How close was the 1872 election? — Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Establish of Engineering
• Election of 1872 in Counting the Votes Archived October 7, 2017, at the Wayback Auto

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election

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